- Operating in more than 1 country.
Using Multi currencies.
UN adopted Transnational
corporation as term of it.
1. Less colonies than Europe countries
2. Less effect by World War 1,2
Weakening trade barrier and reducing shipping expenses
Extension of a new market
Securing and increasing export markets
Effect of securing production factor
Effect of securing marke
Chapter 1. Indian Pharmaceutical Market Overview
1.1 Scale of Pharmaceutical Market
1.1.1 Domestic pharmaceutical market
India is among the fastest growing pharmaceutical markets in the world. The domestic pharmaceutical market recorded sales of US$ 7.3 billion in 2006 with a growth of 17.5 per cent over the previous year.
1.1.2 Pharmaceutical Industry
The Indian pharmaceutical industry
★ Basic history of Russia
Expansion of the Russian State(14-15th cent)
Reach its Greatest Size (1914, before WW1)
The Great Russian Revolution(1917 Russian monarchy was overthrown by Bolsheviks)
World First Communist State (1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed )
USSR Broke Up(1991)
B. Political economy
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
Investigate Analyze
Describe
Knowledge Generation
External Factors
IPRs
shaping
GSM
1.2 Why GSM?
Global System for Mobile Communication
Provides successful technological and market standard
Important role now in industry of telecommunications
Shows importance of possessing IPRs
(Intellectual Property Rights)
1.3 Re
of right aiming solely for monetary profit, not only large enterprises but also small & medium enterprises get involved in patent suits, which massive expense of monetary source is concerned according to the progress and result of the suit.
_ Protective patents of enterprises become useless to have protection from infringement of patent, which would have chilling effect for securing industrial
of previous cases. Before this case, Graham earned two patents in 1950 and 1953. In 1950, Patent No. 2,493,811 was issued to Graham. After that, Graham got another patent with Patent No. 2,627,798 in 1953. The analyzed case here is about infringement of Patent No. 2,627,798 issued to William T. Graham later on, for a "Clamp for Vibrating Shank Plows", which was held in 1963.
In 1950, William
of political advertising.
The U.S. Federal Law has strict regulations with children’s program & rate of political advertising.
News corp. has already adapted to most countries and has acquired managing skills to adapt to different new environments
Technology advancement (Fast spread of Internet access & more tools to access with)
2. Infringement of copyright (Illegal downloads↑)
billion) by 2014
- Wiretapping, Infiltration, etc
2) software piracy
The copyright infringement of software (often referred to as software piracy) refers to several practices which involve the unauthorized copying of computer software. Copyright infringement of this kind is extremely common. Most countries have copyright laws which apply to software, but the degree of enforcement varies.
* Privacy
The original mean : personal life
The general mean : rights of men
that someone can lead a free life without interruption.
* invasion of privacy
- Some kinds of information are abused or disclosed to other people by someone.
The invasion of privacy : problems
* In Cyber-space
- it could be easy to infringe on someone's rights , to spread information rapidly and to
of patent troll
“Some people call this ‘trolling’
after the old story where trolls sit under the bridge and say,
‘Give me a gold coin or I’ll eat you.’”
-Jay Thomas, a professor of
Georgetown University law school
① A lawsuit concerning Blackberry(PDA) technology
"Blackberry"(PDA) is invented by ‘RIM'.
NTP Inc.(company from nowhere) insisted RIM infring